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"Criminology in the 21st century has gone global. It has increasingly been drawn to thinking and research that addresses criminological matters in international, transnational, and comparative registers. Issues at the intersection of criminology/criminal justice and social forces, economic policies, political conflict, national security concerns, legal changes and reforms, environmental issues, legacies of colonialism, technological developments and more are best understood when framed as global phenomena. The Oxford Encyclopedia of International Criminology includes state of the art essays that offer critical reviews of scholarship - including theoretical, empirical, and methodological work - on crime and victimization and the social and legal responses that both receive; historical, social, cultural, legal, and interpretive processes underlying crime and justice; problems of equity and social transformation that increasingly drive debate and discussions of policy, international law, and political activism. The contributors are established and highly distinguished academics as well as emerging scholars whose work is having an impact on their respective fields. They are an international cast of writers drawn from both the Global North and Global South, representing multiple disciplinary orientations, as well as interdisciplinary perspectives. Aside from covering the major issues in their subject areas and incorporating useful bibliographies, the authors offer guidance on how to further explore the various aspects of the topics. The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Criminology will prove helpful to students, scholars, and the informed public interested in learning about cutting edge issues in the study of crime and justice in a comparative, global context"--

Criminology --- Crime --- Crime. --- Criminology.

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"This book sets an agenda for the development of historical approaches to criminology. It defines 'historical criminology', explores its characteristic strengths and limitations, and considers its potential to enhance, revise and fundamentally challenge dominant modes of thinking about crime and social responses to crime. It considers the following questions: What is historical criminology? What does thinking historically about crime and justice entail? How is historical criminology currently practised? What are the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to historical criminology? How can historical criminology reshape understandings of crime and social responses to crime? How does thinking historically bear upon major theoretical, conceptual and methodological questions in criminological research? What does thinking historically have to offer criminological scholarship more broadly, and the uses of criminology in the public realm? In this book, Churchill, Yeomans and Channing situate 'historical thinking' at the heart of historical criminology, reveal the value of historical research to criminology and argue that criminologists across the field have much to gain from engaging in historical thinking in a more regular and sustained way. This book is essential reading for all criminologists, as well as students taking courses on theories, concepts and methods in criminology"--

Criminology --- History.

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Social problems --- Criminology. Victimology

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Most criminological theories are not truly scientific, since they do not yield exact quantitative predictions of criminal career features, such as the prevalence and frequency of offending at different ages. This Element aims to make progress towards more scientific criminological theories. A simple theory is described, based on measures of the probability of reoffending and the frequency of offending. Three offender categories are identified: high risk/high rate, high risk/low rate, and low risk/low rate. It is demonstrated that this theory accurately predicts key criminal career features in three datasets: in England the Offenders Index (national data), the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) and in America the Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS). The theory is then extended in the CSDD and PYS by identifying early risk factors that predict the three categories. Criminological theorists are encouraged to replicate and build on our research to develop scientific theories that yield quantitative predictions.

Criminology --- Criminal behavior. --- Research.

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"Routledge International Handbook of Critical Gang Studies is rooted in the instability, inequality and liquidity of the post-industrial era. It understands the gang as a complex and contradictory phenomenon; a socio-historical agent that reflects, responds to and creates a certain structured environment in spaces which are always in flux. International in scope and drawing on a range of sociological, criminological and anthropological traditions, it looks beyond pathological, ahistorical, and non-transformative approaches, and considers other important factors that produce the phenomenon, whether the historically entrenched racialized power structure and segregation in Chicago, the unconstrained state-abandoned development of favelas in Brazil, or the colonization, displacement and dependency of people in Central America. This handbook reflects and defines the new theoretical and empirical traditions of critical gang studies. Authoritative, multi-disciplinary and international, this book will be of interest to criminologists, sociologists and anthropologists alike, particularly those engaged with critical criminology/sociology, youth crime, delinquency, and global social inequality. The handbook will also be of interest to policy makers and those in the peacebuilding field"-- It offers a variety of perspectives, including: A view of gangs that takes into consideration the global context and appearance of the "gang" in its various forms and stages of development, An appreciation of the gang as a socio-cultural formation, A race-ethnic and class analysis of the gang that problematizes domain assumptions such as the "underclass", Gender variations of the gang phenomenon with a particular emphasis on their intersectional properties, Relations between gangs and the political economy that address the dominant mode of production and exchange, Treatments that demonstrate the historically contingent nature of gangs and their changes across time, The contradictory impact of gang repressive policies, institutions and practices as part of a broader discussion on the nature of the state in specific societies, Critical methodologies on gangs that involve discussions of visual and textual representations and the problematics of data collection and analysis.

Criminology. --- Equality. --- Gangs.